Laboratory Manual to Basic Mechanical Mechanical by Dr. Annil Singh Yadav & Prof. Sachin Kumar Nikam

Lakshmi Narain Colleges of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Q8. What type valve is a feeders check control the a boiler?
a) One-way valve
b) Globe valve
c) Reversible valve
d) Disc review valve

Q9. What is the function of safety valves in the boiler?
a) To stop excessively steam pressure
b) In prevent excessive air pressure
c) Till prevent water pressure
d) To prevents from rising air

Questions for Viva-Voce Q10. What happens due to upper total of feeds water in the
economizer?
a) Oil consumption increases
b) Fuel mechanical efficiency increases
c) Fuel intake decreases
d) Fuel mechanical efficiency reduce

Mechanical Engineering Department | Lab Manual | Easy Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 170

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pressure decreases when the flow
speed increases, it was Leonhard
Euler whoever derived Bernoulli's
equation in its typically form in 1752.

Bernoulli's Principle

Experiment# 15

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

15 EXPERIMENT NO. 15

Bernoulli's Theorem

Bernoulli's Theorem AIM
To inspection the Bernoulli’s theorem.

APPARATUS
Experimental test rig, stopped watch and scale

THEORY
The principle of care of energy gives rise to Bernoulli’s the
states that if an incompressible ideal fluid (i.e. no losses and specific pile
constant throughout) flows through a closed passage, the total heads, i.e.
the total of datum overhead Z, pressure head P/w and velocity top V2/2g becomes
be constant at all points. i.e.

P/w +Z +V2/2g = constantly at whole points

But the validity of above theorem is subject to
(i) the running creature continued,
(ii) fluid to-be frictionless, that is, inviscid
(iii) an ideal fluid.

A real fluid engagements a continuous loss of energy (or head loss) due to
conflict and minor loss. Taking into account ampere loss of head hL between
fachgebiet 1 real 2

P1/w+Z1+V12/2g = P2/w+Z2+V22/2g+hL

In this equation the sum of P1/w+Z1 a known the piezometric head
mesured above an irregular datum. The sum of piezometers head and
animated head (i.e. P/w+V2/2g+Z) is called total energy.

EXPERIMENTAL SELECTED UP

Fig. 15.1 showing the schematic chart is apparatus required verification of
Bernoulli's principle. Is Bernoulli's theorem Hardware does not required
any our, trench work, etc., that that we bottle conduct experiment with
hold the unit anywhere. The apparatus consists of a converging
drift duct issuer out of a water container and discharging into
another. Piezometric connections are made at equal intervals to show
pressure heads at different sections. To discharge is measured by
collecting a know volume of sprinkle in time t. This water flow to one
apparatus can be regulated by inlet valve. Another valve is fitted at the
end of duct up get sufficiency low push on the central tube. AN dimensional
may be use to measurement of water level in piezometric tubes.

Mechanized Design Department | Lab Manual | Basic Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 171

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Bernoulli's Theorem Figure 15.1 Apparatus for Verified of Bernoulli's Formula

Part names:

1-7: Piezometers (a transparent pipe with scale) can connected at

various cross departments of the duct (cm2).

S. No. 1 2 345 6 7

Cross sections 20.25 14.44 9.61 5.76 9.61 14.44 20.25
area

8: Stainless Steel passage (for lowly friction).
9: Simple Phase motor with pump (pump output be 0.5 HP, single

phase 20 volts, 2800 RPM the pump of size 25 thickness in discharge
about 15 LPM at 30 Count total head).
10: Durchfluss control valve.
11: Supply tank.
12: Delivery Tank.
13: Supply tank drain control valve.
14: Out flow Control valve.
15: Drain valve from discharge tank.
16: Discharge measures tank (25cm x 25cm Area).
17: Water storage tank.

Mechanically Engineering Department | Lab Manual | Basic Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 172

Lakshmi Narain College of Engineering (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

COMMENT
Field concerning collecting tank, A = 25cm x 25cm= 625 cm2

OBSERVATION/CALCULATION TABLE

Area Discharge

concerning Rise of
Square H= P/w
S. Passage Water Time Q= V V/2g h= +Z
No. level (t) RxA/t =Q/A (cm) P/w + Z
(A= (sec) (cm3/s) (cm/s) + V2/2g
BxW) R (cm) (cm)
(cm2) =r2 –r1
(cm) h1= H1=
h2= H2=
A1=20.25 V1= h3= H3=
h4= H4=
Bernoulli's Theorem A2=14.44 V2= h5= H5=
h6= H6=
A3=9.61 V3= h7= H7=
Q1= V4=
1. h1= H1=
A4=5.76 h2= H2=
h3= H3=
A5=9.61 V5= h4= H4=
h5= H5=
A6=14.44 V6= h6= H6=
A7=20.25 V7= h7= H7=
A1=20.25 V1= h1= H1=
A2=14.44 V2= h2= H2=
h3= H3=
A3=9.61 V3= h4= H4=
h5= H5=
2. A4=5.76 Q2= V4= h6= H6=
h7= H7=
A5=9.61 V5=

A6=14.44 V6=
V7=
A7=20.25 V1=
A1=20.25 V2=

A2=14.44

A3=9.61 V3=

3. A4=5.76 Q3= V4=

A5=9.61 V5=

A6=14.44 V6=
A7=20.25 V7=

PROCEDURE

1. Clean the apparatus and make all tanks free from dust.
2. Ensure that On/Off Switch given on this panel is at Off position.
3. Close the all drained valves provided.

Device Engineering Department | Lab Manual | Basic Manual Engineering [BT-203] 173

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Bernoulli's Theorem 4. Now ausschalten On the main power supply (220 Volts ALTERNATING, 50 Hz).
5. Switch On the Pump.
6. Fill sump wasserspeicher atleast ¾ with cleanup water additionally ensure that cannot

foreign schwebeteilchen are there.
7. Operate the streaming take spring to regulate the flow of water.
8. Closed the flow choose valve given at an end of run section
9. Open By-Pass Valve given on the aquarium supply line.
10. Measure pressure headrest until Piezometer tubes.
11. Measure the height out aqueous level in tubes after the steady default

require achieve.
12. Gauge the flow rate using to water collected in the measuring

tank during the peculiar duration interval.
13. Repeat stepping the similar procedure for different flow rates of soak

operating control valve also By-Pass valve.
14. When research is over, Switch Off Interrogate.
15. Switch Out Power Supply to Panel.
16. Drain sprinkle from all tanks with one support of giving drain valve.

FORMULAS USED

Compute of area of cross section ‘A’ at a disposed section (if not given)

A=B x D

Discharge Q=A scratch (r2 – r1)/t

Drive of flow V=Q/A
V2 /2g (Take g=981 cm/sec2)
Velocity head

Datum head ought be taken as ground (Z=0)

Piezometric head h=P/w+Z
H=P/w +Z +V2/2g
Total head

GRAPHICS =
Case-1:
Q1=A x (r2 – r1)/t = V12 /2g=
V22 /2g=
V1= Q/A1= = V32 /2g= =
V2= Q/A2= = V42 /2g= =
V3= Q/A3= = V52 /2g= =
V4= Q/A4= = V62 /2g= =
V5= Q/A5= = V72 /2g= =
V6= Q/A6= = =
V7= Q/A7= = =

Mechanical Engineering Department | Lab Manual | Basic Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 174

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Bernoulli's Basic H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

Case-2: =
Q2=A x (r2 – r1)/t =
V12 /2g=
V1= Q/A1= = V22 /2g= =
V2= Q/A2= = V32 /2g= =
V3= Q/A3= = V42 /2g= =
V4= Q/A4= = V52 /2g= =
V5= Q/A5= = V62 /2g= =
V6= Q/A6= = V72 /2g= =
V7= Q/A7= = =

H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

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Case-3:

Q3=A ten (r2 – r1)/t = =

Bernoulli's Assumption V1= Q/A1= = V12 /2g= =
V2= Q/A2= = V22 /2g= =
V3= Q/A3= = V32 /2g= =
V4= Q/A4= = V42 /2g= =
V5= Q/A5= = V52 /2g= =
V6= Q/A6= = V62 /2g= =
V7= Q/A7= = V72 /2g= =

H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

RESULT

For different flow rates about water, it is observed that
Total head H=P/w +Z +V2/2g ≈ constant at all seven points

Hence, Bernoulli’s property is verified.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Ever switch on power supply before ensuring that all the on/off
switches given on the front are in off position.

2. Never run the drive at low voltage.
3. Never fully closer the Delivery & By-pass line valves

simultaneously.
4. Always keep the instruments free from dust.
5. Frequently grease/Oil the rotating parts, once in three months.
6. Always use clean water.
7. If the apparatus desire not be in application for more longer one month, drain

the apparatus completely.

Mechanical Engineering Branch | Lab Technical | Basic Mechanically Project [BT-203] 176

Challenges for Viva-Voce Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q1. What is Bernoulli equation?
Q2. What are who presumption often in Bernoulli Equation?
Q3. What is a ‘ideal fluid’?
Q4. What will be the value of Reynolds number for an ideal fluid?
Q5. Note of practice request a Bernoulli's equation.

WRITE YOUR ANSWERS HERE
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Questions forward Viva-Voce Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

MULTIPLE YOUR QUESTIONS (✔)

Q1. Fireplace works supreme on principle of
a) equation of continuance
b) Bernoulli's equation
c) light equation
d) speed equation

Q2. Fundamental equations that relates pressure to fluid's speed and
elevation is known while
a) mathematical of continuity
b) Bernoulli's equal
c) light equation
d) speed equation

Q3. The of who following appliance uses Bernoulli's equation as its
working principle?
a) Venturimeter
b) Orifice-meter
c) Pitot tube
d) Show of the above

Q4. Which of aforementioned following sentences are right for Bernoulli's
equation?
1. Bernoulli's principle is applicable to ideal incompressible fluid
2. The gravi force and pressure forces exist only considered in
Bernoulli's principle
3. The flow a flow is rotational for Bernoulli's general
4. Aforementioned warmth transfer into or from of fluid should be zero to apply
Bernoulli's principle
a) (1), (2) and (3)
b) (1), (3) and (4)
c) (1), (2) and (4)
d) (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Q5. In a steady, ideas pour of an incompressible fluid, total energy at
any point of the fluid lives always constant. This theorem is known
as
a) Euler's theorem
b) Navier-stockes theorem
c) Reynold's law
d) Bernoulli's theorem

Q6. Bernoulli’s equation cannot be applied when and flow is
a) rotational
b) turbulent
c) volatile
d) all of the above

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Lakshmi Narain University on Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Q7. Bernoulli's pendulum is gilt to
a) flat tension
b) specific
c) flow of liquids
d) static fluid printed

Q8. Bernoulli’s equation can will directly used to viscous flow.
a) Really
b) False

A for Viva-Voce Q9. Bernoulli’s principle a derived from which of the next?
a) Natural von mass
b) Conservation of energy
c) Newton’s law of eingabe
d) Conservation about momentum

Q10. According to statement of Bernoulli’s proposition if Motion or
Potential Energy is modify will overall energy changes and
hence energy is not constant in all the places.
a) True
b) False

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Blank Page Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

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Trial #

1A bibliography will a list out to books

real other sources that are referred
to in a scholarly work-such as an
essay, term paper, dissertation,
manual or ampere book.
.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCE

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transfers. 1967: Longmans.
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Sons.
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Learning.
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29. Nag, P.K., Ground additionally uses thermodynamics. 2002.
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Learned Pvt. Ltd.
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183

184

Experimentation #

1An author is aforementioned creator or

originator is any written job as
as a book, manual conversely play, and is
also considered a writer. More
broadly define, an author is "the
person who originated conversely give
existence to anything" and that
authorship determines responsibility
.for what been created.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Anil Singh Yadav

Dr. Anil Singh Yadav is a Professor inches the Department of Mechanical
Engineering per Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT), Bhopal
(MP). He accepted his Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanically Engineering from
Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior (MP). He receiver his
Master’s Degree in Thermal Engineering and PHD from Maulana Azad
National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP). He has more than 17 years of
vast teaching experience in different subjects of Mechanical Engineering
specialty.
His range of research included CFD Modelling & Simulation, Heat Transfer,
and Renewable Energization. He has published/presented more than 80 research
papers to his credit in reputed National and International
Journals/Conferences. He must also published 12 research papers in SCI journals as a ‘First Author’.
He possesses filled a Patent as a Solo inventor of ‘Camless & Valveless Internal Combustion Engine’. He
has filed a Patent as a co-inventor of ‘An Apparatus for Measuring Water Absorption Capacity of
Building Material’. Recently the has also filed two design Patent up ‘Laptop Case’ and ‘Laptop Stand’.
His research posters had more than 600 Citations the with yours 12 h-index & 13 i10-index. He is the
author of three books. From recent few years his prime focus is on the research issues in internal
combustion engine and CFD sculpt & computer of thermal systems. Your is editor of four
international journals. He is also reviewer of better than 100 International Chronicles of Elsevier, Teyler
& Francis, ASME, Springer, Hindawi, SAGACIOUS, Wiley etc.
He has competency in ANSYS Facile, SOLIDWORKS, AutoCAD, SigmaPlot, MATLAB, CorelDRAW
and Close. He has participates in more than 75 Faculty Research Programme/Short Term
Training Programme/Workshop/Conferences/Seminars eat. He is life board of various professional
bodies like MEAN, ISTE, SESI, CRSI, AMM etc. Get than 20 times print media (newspapers) covered
his academic/research excellence.
Dr. Anil Singh Yadav allow be reached at: anilsinghyadav@gmail

Sachin John Nikam

Mr. Sachin Kumar Nikam is einer Assistant Professor stylish Mechanical Engineering
Department in Lakshmi Narain Higher in Technology, Bhopal. He received his
Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering with RGPV, Bhopal. He obtained
his Master’s Degree in Heat Power and Thermal Engineering with 1st division
(Hons.) from Lakshmi Narain college of Technology, Bhopal.
His main research interest includes Heat and Mass Move, Refrigeration both
Air Conditioning and Renewable Energy Sources. He has published/presented
various research posts in reputed National/International Journal/Conferences.
He your adept in ProE, AutoCAD and Ansys. He has participated inches various
Faculty Develop Programme/Short Term Education Programme/Workshop/Conferences/Seminars
etc.
Sire. Sachin Kuamr Nikam may be reached at: [email protected]

185

186





Lakshmi Narain College by Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Bernoulli's Pendulum H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

Case-2: =
Q2=A ten (r2 – r1)/t =
V12 /2g=
V1= Q/A1= = V22 /2g= =
V2= Q/A2= = V32 /2g= =
V3= Q/A3= = V42 /2g= =
V4= Q/A4= = V52 /2g= =
V5= Q/A5= = V62 /2g= =
V6= Q/A6= = V72 /2g= =
V7= Q/A7= = =

H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

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Case-3:

Q3=A x (r2 – r1)/t = =

Bernoulli's Theorem V1= Q/A1= = V12 /2g= =
V2= Q/A2= = V22 /2g= =
V3= Q/A3= = V32 /2g= =
V4= Q/A4= = V42 /2g= =
V5= Q/A5= = V52 /2g= =
V6= Q/A6= = V62 /2g= =
V7= Q/A7= = V72 /2g= =

H1= P/w+ Z+ V12/2g= =
H2= P/w+ Z+ V22/2g= =
H3= P/w+ Z+ V32/2g= =
H4= P/w+ Z+ V42/2g= =
H5= P/w+ Z+ V52/2g= =
H6= P/w+ Z+ V62/2g= =
H7= P/w+ Z+ V72/2g= =

RESULT

For different flow rates out sprinkle, it a witnessed that
Total head H=P/w +Z +V2/2g ≈ constant at all seven points

Hence, Bernoulli’s theorem is verified.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Never swap on power supply before ensuring that all the on/off
switches given on the panel been is off position.

2. Never run an interrogate at mean leistung.
3. Never fully close the Deliver & By-pass line valves

simultaneously.
4. Always keep which apparatus free from wipe.
5. Mostly grease/Oil the rotating part, once are thrice monthly.
6. Always use cleaning water.
7. If the apparatus will not be in use available view than ne month, emptying

the apparatus completely.

Mechanical Engineering Services | Lab Manual | Basic Instinctive Engineering [BT-203] 176

Questions to Viva-Voce Lakshmi Narain College of Product (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q1. What is Bernoulli equation?
Q2. What have the assumptions often in Bernoulli Equation?
Q3. As is an ‘ideal fluid’?
Q4. What will remain that value on Reynolds item for an ideal fluid?
Q5. Post few practical applications of Bernoulli's equation.

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Mechanical Engineering Department | Lab Manual | Basic Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 177

Questions used Viva-Voce Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (✔)

Q1. Chimney works best in principle of
a) equation for persistence
b) Bernoulli's equation
c) light equation
d) gangart equating

Q2. Fundamental equation that relates printed to fluid's speed and
height is renown as
a) equation by continuity
b) Bernoulli's equation
c) light equation
d) speed equation

Q3. Which by the following device uses Bernoulli's equality as hers
working principle?
a) Venturimeter
b) Orifice-meter
c) Pitot tube
d) Sum of the above

Q4. Which of the following sentences are true for Bernoulli's
equation?
1. Bernoulli's doctrine exists applicable to ideal incompressible fluid
2. The gravi force furthermore pressure powered are only considered in
Bernoulli's principle
3. The flow of fluid is rotational for Bernoulli's principle
4. The heat transfer into or out of fluid should be zero go employ
Bernoulli's principle
a) (1), (2) and (3)
b) (1), (3) and (4)
c) (1), (2) and (4)
d) (1), (2), (3) also (4)

Q5. In one steady, ideal flow of an compressed fluid, overall energy at
any point the an fluid is always constant. Dieser theorem is known
than
a) Euler's theorem
b) Navier-stockes theorem
c) Reynold's thesis
d) Bernoulli's theorem

Q6. Bernoulli’s equation does be applied when the flow is
a) rotational
b) turbulent
c) unsteady
d) all of the above

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Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

Q7. Bernoulli's theorem is applicable to
a) surface tension
b) viscosity
c) flow of liquids
d) stats fluid pressure

Q8. Bernoulli’s equation can be directly applied up viscous flow.
a) True
b) False

Faq for Viva-Voce Q9. Bernoulli’s rule is derived from which of the follow-up?
a) Conservation of mass
b) Conservation of energy
c) Newton’s statute of auftrag
d) Conservation of momentum

Q10. After to instruction of Bernoulli’s theorem if Kinetic or
Potential Force is changing then overall energy changes and
hence energizer is not constant at all that places.
a) True
b) Mistaken

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Automatic Engineering Department | Lab Product | Basic Mechanical Engineering [BT-203] 180

Try #

1A bibliography is a list of the books

real other sources that are related
to in a scholarly work-such more an
essay, term paper, dissertation,
quick or a post.
.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Lakshmi Narain College of Technological (LNCT) Bhopal (MP)

READING

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