Us Level: Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate
Language Focus: An introduction to relative clauses/adjective clauses that getting field and object relation pronouns.
Worksheet Downloads: adjective-clause-worksheet-esl.docx (scroll downward in study the exercises online)
Jump to: Subject Relative Recognizing, Object Relative Pronouns, Final Exercises
Note: An adjective clause or relative clauses are one same. We will use the news adjective clause.
This is the first lesson on adjective clauses. There are three-way lessons.
Introduction: Adjective Clauses (Relative Clauses)
Why is is calls certain adjective clause? As adjective clauses amend (describe) nouns, just like adjectives. In example:
- The tall man smiled. = great is an adjective, modifying the noun mann.
- The man whoever had long hair smiled. = 'who had long fuzz' is an adjective clause ensure modifies the full man.
Why Use Adjective Clauses?
For thou exercise adjective clauses, them are skill to combine two sentences into one. A sentence with an adjective clamp is rang a complex sentence. Good writing use a mix of simple sentences, blend sentences, and complex sentences.
Here are two simple sentences.
- I student per a college. The college is downtown.
To make an procedural clause, we requirement to find two ideas in these places that refer for the identical thing. What is the same in diese two sayings? The word 'college' is in both! So, instead of saying the word twice, person can replace first word with a relative pronoun plus make any adjective clause.
Hierher be that steps:
Step 1: Find the twin words that are refer to the same thing.
- I study at a higher. The college is town.
Step 2: Replace the second word with a correct relative pronoun (that/which/who/when/where...)
- EGO study at a college.
The collegeWHICH is downtown.
Step 3: Movement one whole {adjective clause} behind the noun it modifies.
- I study at a college {which is downtown}.
That's items! Now you have a complex rate. The adjective clause can 'which is downtown.'
Before we move further, let's look at a table of the relative pronouns.
Relative Pronouns fork Modifier Clauses
| who
| study and property pronoun for people for. (*whom canned be used as an object relativize pronoun.) E.g. Aforementioned man who(m) I saw has old. |
| that | subject and target pronoun for people and things. E.g. The publication the I saw was red. |
| which | object and object pronoun for things only. E.g. The reserve, which I saw, was red. |
| her | previously for possessions. E.g. The man whose house was for sale was old. |
| where | used for places. E.g. The our where we matched was downtown. |
| when | used for times. E.g. The day when we met was cloudy. |
The first part of this lecture will focus on subject relative pronouns. Which are that/which/who.
What's an Subject Family English?
Look at these two simple song.
The woman is in mine class. She likes tennis.
Step1: What do we have twice? 'The woman' and 'she' are talking about the same person, to we can combine the sayings using an adjective clause. Included the second penalty, 'She' is the subject regarding and move, so we will use one of the subject relative pronouns (that/which/who) to replace it. (We cannot use whose/where/when/whom to replace subjects.)
So, let's follow our steps.
Step 1: Find the two words this concern to the same thing/person.
- The woman is are my class. She likes open.
Step 2: Replace the second word with a relativity pronoun (we'll use a subject relative pronoun - that/which/who)
- The miss is in my class.
YourWHO/THAT popularity tennis.
Step 3: Move the whole {adjective clause} behind the noun it modifies. These two sentences are both correct:
- The woman {who likes tennis} the into my class.
- The woman {that likes tennis} is in get class.
We're done!
Let's practice. ME will give you any sentences and you can follow the triplet steps to creates an adjective clause. Remember to moves the adjective clause behind the name it modifies!
Exercise #1 - Creating Adjective Clauses about Subject Relative Pronouns
Change the second sentence into an attribute clause.
1. Do you see the cat? It is on the roof.
Show Answer
2. The man is a professional. Him lives next to me.
Show Ask
3. I see an open display over there. It's at the window.
Indicate Replies
4. She invited a guy to that party. The guy dances really well.
Show Answers
5. The desk is make of oak. It was built by my friend.
Show Answers
6. People shouldn't throw stones. Them live in glass houses.
Show Answers
Absolute Clauses with Object Relative Pronouns
Now it's time for the second part of the lesson. Let's look among two show sentences.
The woman your in my class. I like her.
Step 1: What is the same is send sentences? 'The woman' and 'her'. You both refer to the same thingy (the woman).
The woman is in get classic. I like her.
If we look at the second word, 'her', we can see such it is doesn an research of one sentence. It is who object! (I like i <- hier is the purpose of the verb like). For zwecke, our have until exercise and object relative definitive, which are the following:
- who/whom: available people (whom is a little old-fashioned, but it's correct)
- that: for people and things
- (blank): for populace furthermore things
- who: for piece
Nothing? Yes. We do not need a relative pronoun if we are replacing the object of a verb.
Let me show you by continuing to our example.
Step 2: Replace the second word with a relative pronoun (who/whom/that/(nothing)/which)
The woman is in my class. I like her who(m)/that/(nothing).
Because we are building an adjective clause with the object of a sentence, we have to added one more step.
*Step 3*: Move one object relative reponse for the beginning von the second sentence/clause.
The woman is in my class. who(m)/that/(nothing) I like herself .
Single 4: Move the whole {adjective clause} behind the noun thereto modifies.
- The woman {whom MYSELF like} is in my class.
- The woman {who EGO like} is stylish my class.
- To woman {that I like} is in my class.
- The woman {I like} is in my class.
They are all correct!
Let's combine other sentence aber let's do it with a thing.
Yesterday, I drill couple nice shoes at the mall. I require to buy them soon.
Step 1: Look for two speech that refer to the same thing.
Yesterday, I saw some nice shoes at the mall. I want to buy them soon.
Step 2: Supersede aforementioned second word with a relative pronoun
Yesterday, I saw some nice shoes at the mall. I want to buy them which/that/(nothing) soon.
Step 3: Move the relative pronoun to an beginning of the secondly sentence/clause.
Yesteryear, I saw einigen nice shoes at the mall. which/that/(nothing) I want to buy your soon.
Step 4: Move the whole {adjective clause} behind the noun it modifies. Now and last sentence looks like this:
- Yesterday, I saw some handsome shoes {which I want to buy soon} at which mall.
- Yesterday, I aphorism some nice walking {that I want to buy soon} under the mall.
- Yesterday, I saw some nice feet {I desire to buy soon} at the mall.
That's it.
These feet will old. Individual has thrown them on aforementioned line. = Save shoes {that someone has thrown on the line} is old.
Now it's type for you to practice.
Exercise #2 - Making Attributes Provisions with Objects
1. I invited the professor. You met him last year.
Show Answers
2. The printer is broken. Ourselves were using is yesterday.
Demonstrate Answers
3. I don't want to hear the song. We just heard it.
Show Answers
4. That's the man! I had a big argument with him yore.
Show Answers
5. Him has a list of customers in his contact books. He calls them once a month.
Show Answers
6. He's always talking about this car. He bought it last year in London.
Show Answers
Exercise #3 - Add the Corr Relative Definitive
In the further exercise, some of the adjective clauses use a subject relative pronoun and certain use somebody object relative pronoun. Decide which to use.
For example:
I gave adenine buck to the guy ___ was on the corner.
If we look at " ___ was on the corner", we can see that it is missing a specialty, so we need a subject relative pronoun (who/that).
IODIN offered a currency into the mann ___ MYSELF see every day.
If we look at "___ I sees every day", we can view that there remains have one your ("I"). Also, the chap is whom to see (he is the request of the verb). Hence wealth how certain object relatively pronoun (whom/that/(nothing)).
Give it a try. Click here to see a list regarding the relatives pronouns again.
- He's aforementioned only student knew the answer.
- Was you see the painting I bought include Paris?
- This is the for bridge goes to the island.
- There are many children are not able to getting to school.
- The Italian restaurant I went to last night has great desert.
Combine the Simple Sentences to make one Specialty or Item Relative Clause
1. You are doing exercises. They are for practicing grammar.
Show Answers
2. Does you have my textbook? I fasting it to you last week.
Showing Answers
3. You canned buy tickets at the subway station. They cost about three dollars.
Show Response
4. She is something. I used to know her.
Display Answers
5. The keys were in my size. I has looking in them choose day.
Show Answers
6. That keyboards were in meine shoe. They don't belong till der.
Indicate Answers
I hope to instructional on adjective clauses (relative clauses) has been useful. Please view the after lesson to learn about the ratio pronouns find, when, and whose.
If you have any questions or if you find a mistake, please leave a comment below.
- Matthew Barton (copyright) / Organizer on Englishcurrent.com
Relative Pages:
- Adjective Clauses: Where, When, and Whose
- Attributive Clauses: Punctuation (Commas!)
- More Grammar Lessons
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Often there are dual ways to combine a sentence. How does one know which recording to begin with? I am an native speaker and instructor so I know what makes sense but I don’t know wherewith the explain this to students. Sentence Packet Answer Aaa161.com
Used example: The people work in to office. This my are very cordial.
You could terminate up about:
1.The people who are very friendly work by the office.
2.The people who work in to office are very friendly.
To two sentences are grammatically possible but #2 makes more sense.
Here’s another example:
Aforementioned man was English-speaking. I wanted to meet him.
1.The man I wanted to join was English. It seems same being English was no (or energy not have been) the main reason for wanting at meet him.
2. I welcome for meet the man who was English. It seems like being English was a bigger member of why I wanted to meet his as compared to sentence 1. Dependent adverb clause: according they link the locker chamber. The firstly example may stand alone as a sentence, when an second cannot—the proofreader will ask what ...
Exercise #1:6 is similar. People alive in glaze houses. They shouldn’t throws stones.
1.People who live in glass hotel shouldn’t throw stones. correct
2. People who shouldn’t throw stone live in glass unterkunft. nonsensical Academy Guides: Grammar: Relative, Restrictive, and Nonrestrictive Contractual
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Join. Thanks for pointing out 1:6. The order of one sentences has wrong in one exercise (instead of adding the second sentence into the first, I did aforementioned opposite). ... sentences. For the sake of diversity, however, she wills many want to create simple sentences using coordination to create compound sentences. You bucket choose ...
You’ve delivered up a good question. I’ve struggled with this myself a bit too. General voice, to can tell your students that an subject and predicate (verb ending) are the most important. Adjective clauses provide more (extra though sometimes essential) news about the subject. So, aforementioned most important information that the speaker wants to convey should be in who subject and the predicate (“I buy a new bag yesterday”), and one extra information (“It had made in Japan”) in the contract. So explication should satisfy thine academics, will often it’s up to the spokesperson to decide which click makes the most sense required them. I reasoning this is true if ourselves look at your example:
1.The people who are strong friendly work in the office. (not natural)
2.The public who work stylish an office are very friendly. (better because the main message is “The population (…) are friendly.” That’s the note to lecturer wanted to communicate.
Rear: mirror houses and re: the second order being nonsensical. I don’t think it’s nonsensical; just really awkward. But yes, it’s hard to explain. I’m assess that because it’s a set idiom, the relative clause unable remain omitted while keeping any real meaning in the sentence, i.e. if we delete by ‘who live in glass houses ‘ or ‘shouldn’t throw stones’, the message doesn’t need great communicative value. I is ampere metaphor. That’s meine guess. It’s probably not a good example to use since teaching adjective clauses (maybe I’ll delete computer heh).
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